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--- to_ishtar [2008/04/08 17:18] – cale
+++ to_ishtar [2008/08/14 13:29] (current) – external edit 127.0.0.1
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 (return to [[Old Babylonian literature (Akkadian)]])
-== Introduction ==
+=== To Ishtar ===
-Originally published in 1925 by F. Thureau-Dangin, &ldquo;Un hymne à Isztar de la Haute Époque Babylonienne&rdquo; is &ldquo;one of a small number lyrical texts from the Old Babylonian period&rdquo; (Thureau-Dangin 1925, 169). Thureau-Dangin goes on to note that the most important (and famous) text in the genre is [[The Agushaya Poem]].
+Originally published in 1925 by F. Thureau-Dangin, "Un hymne à Ishtar de la Haute Époque Babylonienne" is "one of a small number lyrical texts from the Old Babylonian period" (Thureau-Dangin 1925, 169). Thureau-Dangin goes on to note that the most important (and famous) text in the genre is [[The Agushaya Poem]].
-It consists of fourteen strophes of four lines each, of which the last four strophes represent a prayer for the well-being of [[Ammiditana]], the ninth king of the First Dynasty of Babylon, who reigned ca. 1683-1647 BC. These fourteen strophes are then followed by a refrain or chorus, which is described by the Sumerian phrase gisz-gi-gal<sub>2</sub>-bi, a term that corresponds to Akkadian mehru(m), which is presumably the basis of Foster's translation of the term as &ldquo;antiphon.&rdquo;
+It consists of fourteen strophes of four lines each, of which the last four strophes represent a prayer for the well-being of [[Ammiditana]], the ninth king of the First Dynasty of Babylon, who reigned ca. 1683-1647 BC. These fourteen strophes are then followed by a refrain or chorus, which is described by the Sumerian phrase gisz-gi-gal<sub>2</sub>-bi, a term that corresponds to Akkadian mehru(m), which is presumably the basis of Foster's translation of the term as "antiphon."
-== Transliteration and translation ==
+=== Transliteration and translation ===
-=== Strophe 1 ===
+== Strophe 1 ==
-. il#-ta-am zu-um-ra-a ra-szu-ub-ti i-la-tim
+. il#-ta-am zu-um-ra-a ra-szu-ub-ti i-la-tim\\
 :: Of the goddess, the most fearsome of the goddesses, sing! ([[#Notes|Notes]])
-. li-it-ta-i-id be-li-it ni-szi ra-bi-it i-gi-gi
+. li-it-ta-i-id be-li-it ni-szi ra-bi-it i-gi-gi\\
 :: May the lady of the people, the most important of the Igigi, be praised! ([[#Notes|Notes]])
-. <sup>d</sup>inanna zu-um-ra ra-szu-ub-ti i-la-tim li-it-ta-i-id
+. <sup>d</sup>inanna zu-um-ra ra-szu-ub-ti i-la-tim li-it-ta-i-id\\
 :: Sing of Ishtar! May the most fearsome of the goddesses be praised! ([[#Notes|Notes]])
-. be-li-it i-szi-i ra-bi-it i-gi-gi
+. be-li-it i-szi-i ra-bi-it i-gi-gi\\
 :: The lady of the people, the most important of the Igigi ([[#Notes|Notes]])
 === Strophe 2 ===
-. sza-at me-le-&#x1E63;i-im ru-a<sub>3</sub>-ma-am la-ab-sza-at
+. sza-at me-le-&#x1E63;i-im ru-a<sub>3</sub>-ma-am la-ab-sza-at\\
 :: The joyful one, clothed in attractiveness ([[#Notes|Notes]])
-. za-a&rsquo;-na-at in-bi mi-ki-a-am u<sub>3</sub> ku-uz-ba-am
+. za-a&rsquo;-na-at in-bi mi-ki-a-am u<sub>3</sub> ku-uz-ba-am\\
 :: Decked out in allure, seductive charm and sex appeal ([[#Notes|Notes]])
-. <sup>d</sup>inanna me-le-&#x1E63;i-im ru-a<sub>3</sub>-ma-am la-ab-sza-at
+. <sup>d</sup>inanna me-le-&#x1E63;i-im ru-a<sub>3</sub>-ma-am la-ab-sza-at\\
 :: Ishtar, the joyful one, clothed in attractiveness ([[#Notes|Notes]])
-. za-a&rsquo;-na-at in-bi mi-ki-a-am u<sub>3</sub> ku-uz-ba-am
+. za-a&rsquo;-na-at in-bi mi-ki-a-am u<sub>3</sub> ku-uz-ba-am\\
 :: Decked out in allure, seductive charm and sex appeal ([[#Notes|Notes]])
 === Strophe 3 ===
-. [sza]-ap-ti-in du-usz-szu-pa-at ba-la-&#x1E6D;u<sub>2</sub>-um pi<sub>2</sub>-i-sza
+. [sza]-ap-ti-in du-usz-szu-pa-at ba-la-&#x1E6D;u<sub>2</sub>-um pi<sub>2</sub>-i-sza\\
 :: Her lips drip with honey, her mouth is life itself ([[#Notes|Notes]])
-. si-im-ti-isz-sza i-ha-an-ni-i-ma &#x1E63;i-ha-tum
+. si-im-ti-isz-sza i-ha-an-ni-i-ma &#x1E63;i-ha-tum\\
 :: Laughter flourishes in her . . . ([[#Notes|Notes]])
-. szar-ha-at i-ri-mu ra-mu-u<sub>2</sub> re-szu-usz-sza
+. szar-ha-at i-ri-mu ra-mu-u<sub>2</sub> re-szu-usz-sza\\
 :: She is majestic, . . . on her head ([[#Notes|Notes]])
-. ba-ni-a<sub>3</sub>-a szi-im-ta-a<sub>3</sub>-sza bi-it-ra-a-ma i-na-sza szi-it-a-ra
+. ba-ni-a<sub>3</sub>-a szi-im-ta-a<sub>3</sub>-sza bi-it-ra-a-ma i-na-sza szi-it-a-ra\\
 :: Her . . . are beautiful, her eyes are multicolored and iridescent ([[#Notes|Notes]])
 === Strophe 4 ===
-. el-tu-um isz-ta-a<sub>3</sub> sza i-ba-asz-szi mi-il<sub>2</sub>-ku-um
+. el-tu-um isz-ta-a<sub>3</sub> sza i-ba-asz-szi mi-il<sub>2</sub>-ku-um\\
 :: The pure one, who possesses counsel ([[#Lines 11-20|Notes]])
-. szi-ma-at mi-im-ma-mi qa<sub>2</sub>-ti-isz-sza ta-am-ha-at
+. szi-ma-at mi-im-ma-mi qa<sub>2</sub>-ti-isz-sza ta-am-ha-at\\
 :: The fate of any given thing . . . in her hand ([[#Lines 11-20|Notes]])
-. na-ap-la-su-usz-sza ba-ni bu-a-ru-u<sub>2</sub>
+. na-ap-la-su-usz-sza ba-ni bu-a-ru-u<sub>2</sub>\\
 :: At her glance, serenity comes into being ([[#Lines 11-20|Notes]])
-. ba-asz-tum ma-asz-ra-hu la-ma-as-su-um sze-e-du-um
+. ba-asz-tum ma-asz-ra-hu la-ma-as-su-um sze-e-du-um\\
 :: Vitality, good health,  good luck and spiritual protection ([[#Lines 11-20|Notes]])
 === Strophe 5 ===
-. ta-ar-ta-mi te-esz-me-e ri-tu-u<sub>2</sub>-mi &#x1E6D;u-u<sub>2</sub>-bi
+. ta-ar-ta-mi te-esz-me-e ri-tu-u<sub>2</sub>-mi &#x1E6D;u-u<sub>2</sub>-bi\\
 :: She loves obedience, mutual acts of love, and good will ([[#Lines 11-20|Notes]])
-. u<sub>3</sub> mi-it-gu-ra-am te-be-el szi-i-ma
+. u<sub>3</sub> mi-it-gu-ra-am te-be-el szi-i-ma\\
 :: She is the one who demands complaisance ([[#Lines 11-20|Notes]])
-. ar-da-at ta-at-ta-ab um-ma ta-ra-asz-szi
+. ar-da-at ta-at-ta-ab um-ma ta-ra-asz-szi\\
 :: The maiden who . . . will come into the possession of a mother ([[#Lines 11-20|Notes]])
-. i-za-ak-ka-ar-szi i-ni-szi i-na-ab-bi szu-um-sza
+. i-za-ak-ka-ar-szi i-ni-szi i-na-ab-bi szu-um-sza\\
 :: He will mention her among the women and call out her name ([[#Lines 11-20|Notes]])
 === Strophe 6 ===
-. ''a-ia-um na-ar-bi-a<sub>3</sub>-asz i-sza-an-na-an ma-an-nu-um''
+. ''a-ia-um na-ar-bi-a<sub>3</sub>-asz i-sza-an-na-an ma-an-nu-um''\\
 :: Who can rival such immensity? ([[#Notes|Notes]])
-. ''ga-asz-ru &#x1E63;i-i-ru szu-u<sub>2</sub>-pu-u<sub>2</sub> pa-ar-&#x1E63;u<sub>2</sub>-u<sub>2</sub>-sza''
+. ''ga-asz-ru &#x1E63;i-i-ru szu-u<sub>2</sub>-pu-u<sub>2</sub> pa-ar-&#x1E63;u<sub>2</sub>-u<sub>2</sub>-sza''\\
 :: Superior strength, loftiness and the ability to make things come forth are her divine attributes ([[#Notes|Notes]])
-. <sup>d</sup>inanna ''na-ar-bi-a<sub>3</sub>-asz i-sza-an-na-an ma-an-nu-um''
+. <sup>d</sup>inanna ''na-ar-bi-a<sub>3</sub>-asz i-sza-an-na-an ma-an-nu-um''\\
 :: Who can rival the immensity of Ishtar? ([[#Notes|Notes]])
-. ''ga-asz-ru &#x1E63;i-i-ru szu-u<sub>2</sub>-pu-u<sub>2</sub> pa-ar-&#x1E63;u<sub>2</sub>-u<sub>2</sub>-sza''
+. ''ga-asz-ru &#x1E63;i-i-ru szu-u<sub>2</sub>-pu-u<sub>2</sub> pa-ar-&#x1E63;u<sub>2</sub>-u<sub>2</sub>-sza''\\
 :: Superior strength, loftiness and the ability to make things come forth are her divine attributes ([[#Notes|Notes]])
 === Strophe 7 ===
-. bi-a-at i-ni-li a-ta-ar na-az-za-zu-usz
+. bi-a-at i-ni-li a-ta-ar na-az-za-zu-usz\\
 :: She is the one who . . . among the gods ([[#Lines 21-30|Notes]])
-. ka-ab-ta-at a-ma-as-sa<sub>3</sub> el-szu-nu ha-ab-ta-at-ma
+. ka-ab-ta-at a-ma-as-sa<sub>3</sub> el-szu-nu ha-ab-ta-at-ma\\
 :: Her utterance is weighty, it is what hangs over them ([[#Lines 21-30|Notes]])
-. <sup>d</sup>inanna i-ni-li a-ta-ar na-az-za-zu-usz
+. <sup>d</sup>inanna i-ni-li a-ta-ar na-az-za-zu-usz\\
 :: Ishtar is the one who . . . among the gods ([[#Lines 21-30|Notes]])
-. ka-ab-ta-at a-ma-as-sa<sub>3</sub> el-szu-nu ha-ab-ta-at-ma
+. ka-ab-ta-at a-ma-as-sa<sub>3</sub> el-szu-nu ha-ab-ta-at-ma\\
 :: Her utterance is weighty, it is what hangs over them ([[#Lines 21-30|Notes]])
 === Strophe 8 ===
-. szar-ra-as-su<sub>2</sub>-un usz-ta-na-ad-da-nu si-iq-ri-i-sza
+. szar-ra-as-su<sub>2</sub>-un usz-ta-na-ad-da-nu si-iq-ri-i-sza\\
 ::
 :: She is their queen, they discuss her commands (Foster)
-. ku-ul-la-as-su-nu sza-asz ka-am-su-u<sub>2</sub>-szi
+. ku-ul-la-as-su-nu sza-asz ka-am-su-u<sub>2</sub>-szi\\
 ::
 :: All of them bow down before her (Foster)
-. na-an-na-ri-i-sza i-la-qu<sub>2</sub>-u<sub>2</sub>-szi-im
+. na-an-na-ri-i-sza i-la-qu<sub>2</sub>-u<sub>2</sub>-szi-im\\
 ::
 :: They go to her (in) her radiance, (Foster)
-. isz-szu-u<sub>2</sub> u<sub>3</sub> a-wi-lum pa-al-hu-szi-i-ma
+. isz-szu-u<sub>2</sub> u<sub>3</sub> a-wi-lum pa-al-hu-szi-i-ma\\
 ::
 :: Women and man fear her too. (Foster)
@@ Line 119: / Line 119: @@
 === Strophe 9 ===
 rev.
-. (= 33) ''pu-uh-ri-isz-szu-un e-te-el qa<sub>2</sub>-bu-u<sub>2</sub>-sza szu-tu-ur<sub>2</sub>''
+. (= 33) ''pu-uh-ri-isz-szu-un e-te-el qa<sub>2</sub>-bu-u<sub>2</sub>-sza szu-tu-ur<sub>2</sub>''\\
 ::
 :: In their assembly her utterance is noble, surpassing (Foster)
-. (= 34) ''a-na an-nim szar-ri-szu-nu ma-la-am asz-ba-as-su-nu''
+. (= 34) ''a-na an-nim szar-ri-szu-nu ma-la-am asz-ba-as-su-nu''\\
 ::
 :: She is seated among them as an equal to Anu their king (Foster)
-. (= 35) ''uz-na-am ne-me-qi<sub>2</sub>-im ha-si-i-sa-am er-sze-et''
+. (= 35) ''uz-na-am ne-me-qi<sub>2</sub>-im ha-si-i-sa-am er-sze-et''\\
 ::
 :: She is wise in understanding, reflection, insight. (Foster)