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[[To Ishtar]]
Trace: • Record Keeping • Old Assyrian
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to_ishtar [2008/04/08 17:19] – caleto_ishtar [2008/08/14 13:29] (current) – external edit 127.0.0.1
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 (return to [[Old Babylonian literature (Akkadian)]]) (return to [[Old Babylonian literature (Akkadian)]])
  
-== Introduction ==+=== To Ishtar ===
 Originally published in 1925 by F. Thureau-Dangin, "Un hymne à Ishtar de la Haute Époque Babylonienne" is "one of a small number lyrical texts from the Old Babylonian period" (Thureau-Dangin 1925, 169). Thureau-Dangin goes on to note that the most important (and famous) text in the genre is [[The Agushaya Poem]]. Originally published in 1925 by F. Thureau-Dangin, "Un hymne à Ishtar de la Haute Époque Babylonienne" is "one of a small number lyrical texts from the Old Babylonian period" (Thureau-Dangin 1925, 169). Thureau-Dangin goes on to note that the most important (and famous) text in the genre is [[The Agushaya Poem]].
  
 It consists of fourteen strophes of four lines each, of which the last four strophes represent a prayer for the well-being of [[Ammiditana]], the ninth king of the First Dynasty of Babylon, who reigned ca. 1683-1647 BC. These fourteen strophes are then followed by a refrain or chorus, which is described by the Sumerian phrase gisz-gi-gal<sub>2</sub>-bi, a term that corresponds to Akkadian mehru(m), which is presumably the basis of Foster's translation of the term as "antiphon." It consists of fourteen strophes of four lines each, of which the last four strophes represent a prayer for the well-being of [[Ammiditana]], the ninth king of the First Dynasty of Babylon, who reigned ca. 1683-1647 BC. These fourteen strophes are then followed by a refrain or chorus, which is described by the Sumerian phrase gisz-gi-gal<sub>2</sub>-bi, a term that corresponds to Akkadian mehru(m), which is presumably the basis of Foster's translation of the term as "antiphon."
  
-== Transliteration and translation ==+=== Transliteration and translation ===
  
-=== Strophe 1 === +== Strophe 1 == 
-1. il#-ta-am zu-um-ra-a ra-szu-ub-ti i-la-tim+1. il#-ta-am zu-um-ra-a ra-szu-ub-ti i-la-tim\\ 
 :: Of the goddess, the most fearsome of the goddesses, sing! ([[#Notes|Notes]]) :: Of the goddess, the most fearsome of the goddesses, sing! ([[#Notes|Notes]])
  
-2. li-it-ta-i-id be-li-it ni-szi ra-bi-it i-gi-gi+2. li-it-ta-i-id be-li-it ni-szi ra-bi-it i-gi-gi\\ 
 :: May the lady of the people, the most important of the Igigi, be praised! ([[#Notes|Notes]]) :: May the lady of the people, the most important of the Igigi, be praised! ([[#Notes|Notes]])
  
-3. <sup>d</sup>inanna zu-um-ra ra-szu-ub-ti i-la-tim li-it-ta-i-id+3. <sup>d</sup>inanna zu-um-ra ra-szu-ub-ti i-la-tim li-it-ta-i-id\\ 
 :: Sing of Ishtar! May the most fearsome of the goddesses be praised! ([[#Notes|Notes]]) :: Sing of Ishtar! May the most fearsome of the goddesses be praised! ([[#Notes|Notes]])
  
-4. be-li-it i-szi-i ra-bi-it i-gi-gi+4. be-li-it i-szi-i ra-bi-it i-gi-gi\\ 
 :: The lady of the people, the most important of the Igigi ([[#Notes|Notes]]) :: The lady of the people, the most important of the Igigi ([[#Notes|Notes]])
  
 === Strophe 2 === === Strophe 2 ===
  
-5. sza-at me-le-&#x1E63;i-im ru-a<sub>3</sub>-ma-am la-ab-sza-at+5. sza-at me-le-&#x1E63;i-im ru-a<sub>3</sub>-ma-am la-ab-sza-at\\ 
 :: The joyful one, clothed in attractiveness ([[#Notes|Notes]]) :: The joyful one, clothed in attractiveness ([[#Notes|Notes]])
  
-6. za-a&rsquo;-na-at in-bi mi-ki-a-am u<sub>3</sub> ku-uz-ba-am+6. za-a&rsquo;-na-at in-bi mi-ki-a-am u<sub>3</sub> ku-uz-ba-am\\ 
 :: Decked out in allure, seductive charm and sex appeal ([[#Notes|Notes]]) :: Decked out in allure, seductive charm and sex appeal ([[#Notes|Notes]])
  
-7. <sup>d</sup>inanna me-le-&#x1E63;i-im ru-a<sub>3</sub>-ma-am la-ab-sza-at+7. <sup>d</sup>inanna me-le-&#x1E63;i-im ru-a<sub>3</sub>-ma-am la-ab-sza-at\\ 
 :: Ishtar, the joyful one, clothed in attractiveness ([[#Notes|Notes]]) :: Ishtar, the joyful one, clothed in attractiveness ([[#Notes|Notes]])
  
-8. za-a&rsquo;-na-at in-bi mi-ki-a-am u<sub>3</sub> ku-uz-ba-am+8. za-a&rsquo;-na-at in-bi mi-ki-a-am u<sub>3</sub> ku-uz-ba-am\\ 
 :: Decked out in allure, seductive charm and sex appeal ([[#Notes|Notes]]) :: Decked out in allure, seductive charm and sex appeal ([[#Notes|Notes]])
  
 === Strophe 3 === === Strophe 3 ===
-9. [sza]-ap-ti-in du-usz-szu-pa-at ba-la-&#x1E6D;u<sub>2</sub>-um pi<sub>2</sub>-i-sza+9. [sza]-ap-ti-in du-usz-szu-pa-at ba-la-&#x1E6D;u<sub>2</sub>-um pi<sub>2</sub>-i-sza\\ 
 :: Her lips drip with honey, her mouth is life itself ([[#Notes|Notes]]) :: Her lips drip with honey, her mouth is life itself ([[#Notes|Notes]])
  
-10. si-im-ti-isz-sza i-ha-an-ni-i-ma &#x1E63;i-ha-tum+10. si-im-ti-isz-sza i-ha-an-ni-i-ma &#x1E63;i-ha-tum\\ 
 :: Laughter flourishes in her . . . ([[#Notes|Notes]]) :: Laughter flourishes in her . . . ([[#Notes|Notes]])
  
-11. szar-ha-at i-ri-mu ra-mu-u<sub>2</sub> re-szu-usz-sza+11. szar-ha-at i-ri-mu ra-mu-u<sub>2</sub> re-szu-usz-sza\\ 
 :: She is majestic, . . . on her head ([[#Notes|Notes]]) :: She is majestic, . . . on her head ([[#Notes|Notes]])
  
-12. ba-ni-a<sub>3</sub>-a szi-im-ta-a<sub>3</sub>-sza bi-it-ra-a-ma i-na-sza szi-it-a-ra+12. ba-ni-a<sub>3</sub>-a szi-im-ta-a<sub>3</sub>-sza bi-it-ra-a-ma i-na-sza szi-it-a-ra\\ 
 :: Her . . . are beautiful, her eyes are multicolored and iridescent ([[#Notes|Notes]]) :: Her . . . are beautiful, her eyes are multicolored and iridescent ([[#Notes|Notes]])
  
 === Strophe 4 === === Strophe 4 ===
-13. el-tu-um isz-ta-a<sub>3</sub> sza i-ba-asz-szi mi-il<sub>2</sub>-ku-um+13. el-tu-um isz-ta-a<sub>3</sub> sza i-ba-asz-szi mi-il<sub>2</sub>-ku-um\\ 
 :: The pure one, who possesses counsel ([[#Lines 11-20|Notes]]) :: The pure one, who possesses counsel ([[#Lines 11-20|Notes]])
  
-14. szi-ma-at mi-im-ma-mi qa<sub>2</sub>-ti-isz-sza ta-am-ha-at+14. szi-ma-at mi-im-ma-mi qa<sub>2</sub>-ti-isz-sza ta-am-ha-at\\ 
 :: The fate of any given thing . . . in her hand ([[#Lines 11-20|Notes]]) :: The fate of any given thing . . . in her hand ([[#Lines 11-20|Notes]])
  
-15. na-ap-la-su-usz-sza ba-ni bu-a-ru-u<sub>2</sub>+15. na-ap-la-su-usz-sza ba-ni bu-a-ru-u<sub>2</sub>\\ 
 :: At her glance, serenity comes into being ([[#Lines 11-20|Notes]]) :: At her glance, serenity comes into being ([[#Lines 11-20|Notes]])
  
-16. ba-asz-tum ma-asz-ra-hu la-ma-as-su-um sze-e-du-um+16. ba-asz-tum ma-asz-ra-hu la-ma-as-su-um sze-e-du-um\\ 
 :: Vitality, good health,  good luck and spiritual protection ([[#Lines 11-20|Notes]]) :: Vitality, good health,  good luck and spiritual protection ([[#Lines 11-20|Notes]])
  
 === Strophe 5 === === Strophe 5 ===
-17. ta-ar-ta-mi te-esz-me-e ri-tu-u<sub>2</sub>-mi &#x1E6D;u-u<sub>2</sub>-bi+17. ta-ar-ta-mi te-esz-me-e ri-tu-u<sub>2</sub>-mi &#x1E6D;u-u<sub>2</sub>-bi\\ 
 :: She loves obedience, mutual acts of love, and good will ([[#Lines 11-20|Notes]]) :: She loves obedience, mutual acts of love, and good will ([[#Lines 11-20|Notes]])
  
-18. u<sub>3</sub> mi-it-gu-ra-am te-be-el szi-i-ma+18. u<sub>3</sub> mi-it-gu-ra-am te-be-el szi-i-ma\\ 
 :: She is the one who demands complaisance ([[#Lines 11-20|Notes]]) :: She is the one who demands complaisance ([[#Lines 11-20|Notes]])
  
-19. ar-da-at ta-at-ta-ab um-ma ta-ra-asz-szi+19. ar-da-at ta-at-ta-ab um-ma ta-ra-asz-szi\\ 
 :: The maiden who . . . will come into the possession of a mother ([[#Lines 11-20|Notes]]) :: The maiden who . . . will come into the possession of a mother ([[#Lines 11-20|Notes]])
  
-20. i-za-ak-ka-ar-szi i-ni-szi i-na-ab-bi szu-um-sza+20. i-za-ak-ka-ar-szi i-ni-szi i-na-ab-bi szu-um-sza\\ 
 :: He will mention her among the women and call out her name ([[#Lines 11-20|Notes]]) :: He will mention her among the women and call out her name ([[#Lines 11-20|Notes]])
  
 === Strophe 6 === === Strophe 6 ===
-21. ''a-ia-um na-ar-bi-a<sub>3</sub>-asz i-sza-an-na-an ma-an-nu-um''+21. ''a-ia-um na-ar-bi-a<sub>3</sub>-asz i-sza-an-na-an ma-an-nu-um''\\ 
 :: Who can rival such immensity? ([[#Notes|Notes]]) :: Who can rival such immensity? ([[#Notes|Notes]])
  
-22. ''ga-asz-ru &#x1E63;i-i-ru szu-u<sub>2</sub>-pu-u<sub>2</sub> pa-ar-&#x1E63;u<sub>2</sub>-u<sub>2</sub>-sza''+22. ''ga-asz-ru &#x1E63;i-i-ru szu-u<sub>2</sub>-pu-u<sub>2</sub> pa-ar-&#x1E63;u<sub>2</sub>-u<sub>2</sub>-sza''\\ 
 :: Superior strength, loftiness and the ability to make things come forth are her divine attributes ([[#Notes|Notes]]) :: Superior strength, loftiness and the ability to make things come forth are her divine attributes ([[#Notes|Notes]])
  
-23. <sup>d</sup>inanna ''na-ar-bi-a<sub>3</sub>-asz i-sza-an-na-an ma-an-nu-um''+23. <sup>d</sup>inanna ''na-ar-bi-a<sub>3</sub>-asz i-sza-an-na-an ma-an-nu-um''\\ 
 :: Who can rival the immensity of Ishtar? ([[#Notes|Notes]]) :: Who can rival the immensity of Ishtar? ([[#Notes|Notes]])
  
-24. ''ga-asz-ru &#x1E63;i-i-ru szu-u<sub>2</sub>-pu-u<sub>2</sub> pa-ar-&#x1E63;u<sub>2</sub>-u<sub>2</sub>-sza''+24. ''ga-asz-ru &#x1E63;i-i-ru szu-u<sub>2</sub>-pu-u<sub>2</sub> pa-ar-&#x1E63;u<sub>2</sub>-u<sub>2</sub>-sza''\\ 
 :: Superior strength, loftiness and the ability to make things come forth are her divine attributes ([[#Notes|Notes]]) :: Superior strength, loftiness and the ability to make things come forth are her divine attributes ([[#Notes|Notes]])
  
 === Strophe 7 === === Strophe 7 ===
-25. bi-a-at i-ni-li a-ta-ar na-az-za-zu-usz+25. bi-a-at i-ni-li a-ta-ar na-az-za-zu-usz\\ 
 :: She is the one who . . . among the gods ([[#Lines 21-30|Notes]]) :: She is the one who . . . among the gods ([[#Lines 21-30|Notes]])
  
-26. ka-ab-ta-at a-ma-as-sa<sub>3</sub> el-szu-nu ha-ab-ta-at-ma+26. ka-ab-ta-at a-ma-as-sa<sub>3</sub> el-szu-nu ha-ab-ta-at-ma\\ 
 :: Her utterance is weighty, it is what hangs over them ([[#Lines 21-30|Notes]]) :: Her utterance is weighty, it is what hangs over them ([[#Lines 21-30|Notes]])
  
-27. <sup>d</sup>inanna i-ni-li a-ta-ar na-az-za-zu-usz+27. <sup>d</sup>inanna i-ni-li a-ta-ar na-az-za-zu-usz\\ 
 :: Ishtar is the one who . . . among the gods ([[#Lines 21-30|Notes]]) :: Ishtar is the one who . . . among the gods ([[#Lines 21-30|Notes]])
  
-28. ka-ab-ta-at a-ma-as-sa<sub>3</sub> el-szu-nu ha-ab-ta-at-ma+28. ka-ab-ta-at a-ma-as-sa<sub>3</sub> el-szu-nu ha-ab-ta-at-ma\\ 
 :: Her utterance is weighty, it is what hangs over them ([[#Lines 21-30|Notes]]) :: Her utterance is weighty, it is what hangs over them ([[#Lines 21-30|Notes]])
  
 === Strophe 8 === === Strophe 8 ===
-29. szar-ra-as-su<sub>2</sub>-un usz-ta-na-ad-da-nu si-iq-ri-i-sza+29. szar-ra-as-su<sub>2</sub>-un usz-ta-na-ad-da-nu si-iq-ri-i-sza\\ 
 :: ::
 :: She is their queen, they discuss her commands (Foster) :: She is their queen, they discuss her commands (Foster)
  
-30. ku-ul-la-as-su-nu sza-asz ka-am-su-u<sub>2</sub>-szi+30. ku-ul-la-as-su-nu sza-asz ka-am-su-u<sub>2</sub>-szi\\ 
 :: ::
 :: All of them bow down before her (Foster) :: All of them bow down before her (Foster)
  
-31. na-an-na-ri-i-sza i-la-qu<sub>2</sub>-u<sub>2</sub>-szi-im+31. na-an-na-ri-i-sza i-la-qu<sub>2</sub>-u<sub>2</sub>-szi-im\\ 
 :: ::
 :: They go to her (in) her radiance, (Foster) :: They go to her (in) her radiance, (Foster)
  
-32. isz-szu-u<sub>2</sub> u<sub>3</sub> a-wi-lum pa-al-hu-szi-i-ma+32. isz-szu-u<sub>2</sub> u<sub>3</sub> a-wi-lum pa-al-hu-szi-i-ma\\ 
 :: ::
 :: Women and man fear her too. (Foster) :: Women and man fear her too. (Foster)
Line 119: Line 119:
 === Strophe 9 === === Strophe 9 ===
 rev. rev.
-1. (= 33) ''pu-uh-ri-isz-szu-un e-te-el qa<sub>2</sub>-bu-u<sub>2</sub>-sza szu-tu-ur<sub>2</sub>''+1. (= 33) ''pu-uh-ri-isz-szu-un e-te-el qa<sub>2</sub>-bu-u<sub>2</sub>-sza szu-tu-ur<sub>2</sub>''\\ 
 :: ::
 :: In their assembly her utterance is noble, surpassing (Foster) :: In their assembly her utterance is noble, surpassing (Foster)
  
-2. (= 34) ''a-na an-nim szar-ri-szu-nu ma-la-am asz-ba-as-su-nu''+2. (= 34) ''a-na an-nim szar-ri-szu-nu ma-la-am asz-ba-as-su-nu''\\ 
 :: ::
 :: She is seated among them as an equal to Anu their king (Foster) :: She is seated among them as an equal to Anu their king (Foster)
  
-3. (= 35) ''uz-na-am ne-me-qi<sub>2</sub>-im ha-si-i-sa-am er-sze-et''+3. (= 35) ''uz-na-am ne-me-qi<sub>2</sub>-im ha-si-i-sa-am er-sze-et''\\ 
 :: ::
 :: She is wise in understanding, reflection, insight. (Foster) :: She is wise in understanding, reflection, insight. (Foster)
to_ishtar.1207671588.txt.gz · Last modified: 2008/08/14 13:26 (external edit)
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