===== Proto-Elamite metrological systems =====

Return to [[4th & 3rd millennium]]


==== Systems used to count discrete objects ====

== Sexagesimal System S ==

Used to count discrete inanimate objects.\\

| N<sub>8a</sub> | {{::1_n08a_.png?25|}} | 
|  **↓ ×2**  ||
| N<sub>1</sub> | {{:1_n01_.png?50|}} |
|  **↓ ×10**  ||
| N<sub>14</sub> | {{:1_n14_.png?25|}} |
|  **↓ ×6**  ||
| N<sub>34</sub> |{{:1_n34_.png?50|}} |
|  **↓ ×10**  ||
| N<sub>48</sub> | {{:1_n48_.png?50|}} |
|  **↓ ×6**  ||
| N<sub>45</sub> | {{:1_n14_.png?50|}} |

Only two texts have conclusive evidence for the large sexagesimal notations: ([[http://cdli.ucla.edu/P009425|CahDAFI 3, 103 01]]) and ([[http://cdli.ucla.edu/P009377|MDP 31, 038]]).\\

== Decimal System D ==

Used to count discrete animate objects, in particular domesticated animals and laborers.\\

| N<sub>1</sub>                      | {{:1_n01_.png?50}}                      |
|  **↓ ×10**                                                                  ||
| N<sub>14</sub>                     | {{:1_n14_.png?25}}                      |
|  **↓ ×10**                                                                  ||
| N<sub>23</sub>                     | {{:1_n23_.png?50}}                      |
|  **↓ ×10**                                                                  ||
| N<sub>51</sub> or N<sub>51g</sub>  | {{:1_n51_.png?50}} {{:1_n51g_.png?50}}  |
|  **↓ ×6**                                                                   ||
| N<sub>54g</sub>                    | {{:1_n54g_.png?50}}                     |

N<sub>51g</sub> and N<sub>54g</sub> are only attested in one text (see [[http://cdli.ucla.edu/P009371 |MDP 31, 031]]). N<sub>51</sub>, counting low-status humans and animals, is found in five texts ([[http://cdli.ucla.edu/P008179|MDP 06, 399]]; [[http://cdli.ucla.edu/P008473|MDP 17, 275]]; [[http://cdli.ucla.edu/P008844|MDP 26, 156]]; [[http://cdli.ucla.edu/P008848|MDP 26, 160]]; [[http://cdli.ucla.edu/P008893|MDP 26, 205]]).\\
N<sub>23</sub> is also used as a nonnumerical sign with the value [[http://cdli.ucla.edu/search/search_results.php?SearchMode=Text&requestFrom=Search&Period=proto-Elamite&TextSearch=M387+|M387]]. Many variants of [[http://cdli.ucla.edu/search/search_results.php?SearchMode=Text&requestFrom=Search&Period=proto-Elamite&TextSearch=M387~|M387 are know]], with approximately similar usage. 

== Bi-sexagesimal System B ==

Used to count discrete grain products; objects noted with this system may, as in archaic Babylonia, belong to a rationing system.\\

| N<sub>1</sub>   | {{:1_n01_.png?50}}  |
|  **↓ ×10**                           ||
| N<sub>14</sub>  | {{:1_n14_.png?25}}  |
|  **↓ ×6**                            ||
| N<sub>34</sub>  | {{:1_n34_.png?50}}  |
|  **↓ ×2**                            ||
| N<sub>51</sub>  | {{:1_n51_.png?50}}  |
|  **↓ ×10**                           ||
| N<sub>54</sub>  | {{:1_n54_.png?50}}  |

N<sub>54</sub> is found in only three texts, of which only one has been collated (collated: [[http://cdli.ucla.edu/P008275|MDP 17, 077 + 212 + 226]], not collated: [[http://cdli.ucla.edu/P008715|MDP 26, 027]] and [[http://cdli.ucla.edu/P009048|MDP 26, 360]]).\\

== Bi-sexagesimal System B# ==

System derived from the bi-sexagesimal system B, used to count rations(?) of an unclear nature.\\

| N<sub>1b</sub> | {{:1_n01_b_.png?75|}} |
|  **↓ ×10**  ||
| N<sub>14b</sub> | {{:1_n14_b_.png?75|}} |
|  **↓ ×6**  ||
| N<sub>34b</sub> | {{:1_n34_b_.png?75|}} |
|  **↓ ×2**  ||
| N<sub>51b</sub> | {{:1_n51_b_.png?75|}} |
|  **↓ ×10**  ||
| N<sub>54b</sub> | {{:1_n54_b_.png?75|}} |

N<sub>54b</sub> is attested in only one (not collated) text ([[http://cdli.ucla.edu/P009048|MDP 26, 360]]), and N<sub>51b</sub> in same and only one further (also not collated) text ([[http://cdli.ucla.edu/P008738|MDP 26, 050]]).

==== Systems used to count measures of capacity ====

== Capacity System C ==

System used primarily to note capacity measures of grain, in particular barley; some of the small units also designate bi-secually counted cereal products.\\

| N<sub>39c</sub>  | {{:1_n39c_.png?40}}           |
|  **↓ ×2**                                       ||
| N<sub>30d</sub>  | {{:1_n30d_.png?40}}           |
|  **↓ ×2**                                       ||
| N<sub>30c</sub>  | {{:1_n30c_.png?50}}           |
|  **↓ ×3**                                       ||
| N<sub>24</sub>   | {{:1_n24_.png?22}}            |
|  **↓ ×2**                                       ||
| N<sub>39b</sub>  | {{:1_n39b_.png?50}}           |
|  **↓ ×5**                                       ||
| N<sub>1</sub>    | {{:1_n01_.png?50}}            |
|  **↓ ×6**                                       ||
| N<sub>14</sub>   | {{:1_n14_.png?22}}            |
|  **↓ ×10**                                      ||
| N<sub>45</sub>   | {{:undefined:1_n45_.png?40}}  |
|  **↓ ×3**                                       ||
| N<sub>34</sub>   | {{:1_n34_.png?50}}            |
|  **↓ ×10**                                      ||
| N<sub>48</sub>   | {{:1_n48_.png?50}}            |
|                  | **↓ ×6**                      |
| N<sub>46</sub>   | {{:n46_redo.png?50&nolink}}   |

== Capacity System C# ==

System derived from the capacity system C, possibly related to system B#.\\

| N<sub>30d@b</sub> | {{:1_n30d_b_.png?75|}} |
|  **↓ ×2**  ||
| N<sub>30c@b</sub> | {{:1_n30c_b_.png?75|}} |
|  **↓ ×3**  ||
| N<sub>24@b</sub> | {{:1_n24_b_.png?40|}} |
|  **↓ ×2**  ||
| N<sub>39b@b</sub> | {{:1_n39b_b_.png?75|}} |
|  **↓ ×5**  ||
| N<sub>1@b</sub> | {{:1_n01_b_.png?75|}} |
|  **↓ ×6**  ||
| N<sub>14@b</sub> | {{:1_n14_b_.png?75|}} |
|  **↓ ×10**  ||
| N<sub>45@b</sub> | {{:1_n45_b_.png?75|}} |
|  **↓ ×3**  ||
| N<sub>34@b</sub> | {{:1_n34_b_.png?75|}} |
|  **↓ ×10**  ||

== Capacity System C'' ==

System derived from the capacity system C, graphically related to the Babylonian system used to measure emmer.\\

| N<sub>30d@c</sub> | {{:1_n30d_c_.png?50|}} |
|  **↓ ×2**  ||
| N<sub>30c@c</sub> | {{:1_n30c_c_.png?50|}} |
|  **↓ ×3**  ||
| N<sub>24@c</sub> | {{:1_n24_c_.png?25|}} |
|  **↓ ×2**  ||
| N<sub>39b@c</sub> | {{:1_n39b_c_.png?50|}} |
|  **↓ ×5**  ||
| N<sub>1@c</sub> | {{:1_n01_c_.png?50|}} |
|  **↓ ×6**  ||
| N<sub>14@c</sub> | {{:1_n14_c_.png?35|}} |
|  **↓ ×10**  ||

KEK

(return to [[numbers metrology]])
(return to [[4th & 3rd millennium]])