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Table of Contents
Exhortation
Terminating a letter we often find an exhortation. These concluding remarks, aimed at implementing the wish of the sender, can be rather elaborate compared to the otherwise rigid nature of Ur III letters. In the following all exhortations from the Ur III letters have been collected, and sorted.
General exhortation for prompt response to the letter:
'"It is urgent" (literary "it is a flood") /amaru-ak-am/:'
| Text ID | Exhortation |
| TCS 1, 280 = YBC 11130 = Letters 218 | [a]-ma-ru-kam / [na]-mi-gur-re |
| UET 3, 0003 = TCS 1 100 | a-ma-ru-a-ka / nam-˹mi˺-gur-re / a-˹ba*˺ [šeš]-˹mu*˺-gim |
| BiOr 26 175 HSM 1800 | a-ma-ru-kam |
| TCS 1, 133 = HTS 115 | a-ma-ru-kam |
| Ontario 2, 493 | a-ma-ru-kam / na-mi-gur-re |
| TCS 1, 199 = NBC 06458 = Letters 200 | a-ma-ru-kam / na-mi-gur-re |
| SAT 3, 2172 = YBC 1445 | a-ma-ru-kam / u4-da sa2 he2-e (OR: di he2-e) |
| UET 3, 7 = TCS 1, 95 | a-ma-ru-kam / ˹ul4˺-la-bi |
| TCS 1, 168 | a-ma-ru-um |
| BiOr 26, 175 HSM 1800 = Letters 239 | a-mu-ru-kam / ul4-la-bi |
| TSU 010 = TCS 1, 244 | [ul4]-˹la˺-bi / ˹na˺-mi-[gur-re] / [a]-ma-ru-[kam] |
| MVN 3, 351 | na-mi-gur-re / a-[ba šeš]-˹mu˺-gim / a-ma-ru-kam |
| MVN 06, 429 = ITT 4, 7450 = TCS 1 143 Letters 158 | na-mi-gur-re / a-ma-ru-kam / a-ba šeš-mu-ke4 |
| UET 3, 3 = TCS 1 100 | a-ma-ru-a-ka / nam-˹mi˺-gur-re / a-˹ba*˺ [šeš]-˹mu*˺-gim |
| TCS 1, 150 = M.A.R.I 5 627 = Letters 078 | e-ma-ru-kam / lugal-mu? inim-bi / ha-mu-tar2-re |
| TCS 1, 312 = Letters 081 | a-ma-ru-kam / a2-ag2-˹ga2˺ lugal-[kam] / na-mi-gur#-[re] |
| TCS 1, 130 = HTS 106 = Letters 082 | a-ma-ru-kam / inim e2-gal-kam / inim-gar-bi nu-mu-tumu3 |
| YOS 4, 137 = TCS 1 283 | a-ma-ru-kam / inim ugula-kam |
| NATN 770 | na-mi-gur-re / a-˹ma-x˺ […] |
| ITT 5, 6975 = TCS 1, 087 = Letters 234 | na-mi-gur-re / a-ma-ru-kam |
| TCS 1, 44 = Ni 0195 | na-mi-gur-re / a-ma-ru-kam |
| TCS 1, 124 = NATN 807= Letters 175 | na-mi-gur-re / a-ma-ru-kam |
| TCS 1, 198 = NBC 06638 = Letters 199 | na-mi-gur-re / a-ma-ru-kam |
| NATN 506 | na-mi-gur-re / a-ma-ru-kam |
| YOS 04, 120 = TCS 1, 096 | gu2-na-kam / a-ma-ru-kam |
| TCS 1, 290 = UIOM 464 = Letters 148 | a-ma-ru-kam / na-mu-nigin (=NIGIN2.NIGIN2) |
| TCS 1, 32 = Letters 133 | a-ma-ru-kam / ul4-la-bi / he2-ma-gub |
'"It is an express message" /kas4 he2-am3/:'
| Text ID | Exhortation |
| MCS 3 1 2 HSM 6339 = TCS 1 252 | kas4 he2-am3-e |
'With reference to the passing of days:'
'"The day must not pass" /u4 na-immi-b-zal-e/ or /u4 nu-mu-zal-e/:'
| Text ID | Exhortation |
| ITT 2, 3418 = TCS 1 29 = Letters 220 | u4 na-bi2-ib2-zal-e |
| TCS 1, 170 = BM 24879 | u4 na-bi2-ib2-zal-e / nam-mi-gur-re |
| ITT 3, 6176 = TCS 1 025 | u4 na-bi2-zal-e |
| TCS 1, 113 = BM 14238 = Letters 235 | inim ensi2-kam / u4 nu-mu-zal-e |
'"quickly" /ul4-a-bi/:'
| Text ID | Exhortation |
| TSU 10 = RIAA 135 = TCS 1 244 | [ul4]-la#-bi / na#-mi-[gur-re] / [a]-ma-ru-[kam] |
| YOS 4, 233 = TCS 1, 9 | ul4-la-bi |
| TRU 4 = TCS 1, 136 | ul4-la-bi / [a]-ma-ru-kam |
| UET 3, 7 = TCS 1, 95 | a-ma-ru-kam / ul4#-la-bi |
| http://cdli.ucla.edu/ JCS 28 167 4 = Letters 239 | a-mu-ru-kam / ul4-la-bi |
| TCS 1, 238 | ul4-la-bi zi ib2-ir |
| PDT 2, 1312 | a-ba šeš-mu-gim / ul4-la-bi […] |
| TCS 1, 32 = Letters 133 | a-ma-ru-kam / ul4-la-bi / he2-ma-gub |
Invocation of familial allegiance:
'"Who is like my brother?" /aba šeš-mu-gim/:'
| Text ID | Exhortation |
| TCS 1, 132 = YOS 15, 99 = Letters 166 | a-ba šeš-mu-gim |
| TMH NF 1-2 354 = TCS 1 139 | a-ba šeš-mu-gim |
| YOS 04, 114 = TCS 1 235 | a-ba šeš-mu-gim |
| Nisaba 09, 268 = BM 108210 | a-ba-šeš-mu#-gim |
| PDT 2, 1312 | a-ba šeš-mu-gim / ul4-la-bi […] |
| TCS 1, 346 = Letters 217 | a-ba šeš-mu-gim / na-mi-gur-re |
| BPOA 1, 0303 = BM 102147 | a-ba-šeš-mu-gim / na-mi-gur-re |
| MVN 03 351 | na-mi-gur-re / a-[ba šeš]-mu#-gim / a-ma-ru-kam |
| MVN 03 332 = Letters 226 | na-mi-gur-re a-ba šeš-mu-gim |
| TCS 1, 200 | na-mi-gur-re / a-ba šeš-mu-gim |
| TCL 2 5610 = TCS 1 287 | nam-mi-gur-re / a-ba šeš-mu-gim |
| MVN 6, 429 = ITT 4 07450 = TCS 1 143 Letters 158 | na-mi-gur-re / a-ma-ru-kam / a-ba šeš-mu-ke4 |
| UET 3, 3 = TCS 1, 100 | a-ma-ru-a-ka / nam-mi#-gur-re / a-ba*# [šeš]-mu*#-gim |
| TCS 1, 131 = HTS 105 = Letters 152 | na-mi-gur-re / a-ba šeš-mu-gim / szesz-mu-me-en3! silim-mu (=ŠA) |
'"Who is like my big-brother-God?"'
| Text ID | Exhortation |
| BM 108107 | na-mi-gur-re / a-ba šeš-gal dingir-mu-gim |
'"Who is like my mother?":'
| Text ID | Exhortation | |
| ITT 3 06511 = TCS 1 054 = Letters 127 | nam-mi-gur-[re] / a-ba ama-[mu-gim]] | } |
'"Because of me" /bar-mu-še/ /ki-mu-še/ /mu-mu-še/:'
| Letters 178 = BM 18583 | bar-mu-še3 šu he-ba-re |
| ki-mu-še3 |
| mu-mu-še3 |
Invocation of a higher authority:
"It is the order of the king" /inim lugal-ak-am/:
| Text ID | Exhortation |
| TCS 1, 2 = BM 134634 = Letters 083 | inim lugal-kam |
| TCS 1, 171 = BM 27833 = Letters 092 | inim lugal-kam |
| Letters 80 = BM 21700 | nig2-ba lugal-kam |
| TCS 1, 150 = M.A.R.I 5 627 = Letters 078 | e-ma-ru-kam / lugal-mu? inim-bi / ha-mu-tar2-re |
"It is the instructions of the king" /a-ag-a lugal-ak-am/:
| Text ID | Exhortation | |
| TCS 1, 312 = Letters 081 | a-ma-ru-kam / a2-ag2-ga2# lugal-[kam] / na-mi-gur#-[re]] | } |
"It is the order of the palace":
| Text ID | Exhortation |
| TCS 1 130 = HTS 106 = Letters 082 | a-ma-ru-kam / inim e2-gal-kam / inim-gar-bi nu-mu-tumu3 |
"It is the order of the governor" /inim ensi-kam/:
| Text ID | Exhortation |
| TCS 1, 247 | inim ensi2-[kam] |
| SNAT 222 = Letters 116 | inim ensi2-ka |
| ITT 5 06766 = TCS 1 248 | inim ensi2-kam |
| TCS 1, 334 = BM 14755 = ASJ 02,03 2 | inim ensi2-kam |
| MVN 4, 182 = Letters 209 | inim ensi2-ka-ta-am3 |
| TCS 1, 113 = BM 14238 = Letters 235 | inim ensi2-kam / u4 nu-mu-zal-e |
Other officials:
| Text ID | Exhortation |
| ITT 2, 4145 = TCS 1 063 | inim PISAN-dub-ba-kam |
| TCS 1, 230 = BM 25413 = Letters 086 | inim sukkal-mah-kam |
| JCS 28 167 3 = Letters 212 | na-mi-gur-re# / inim šabra-kam? |
| YOS 4, 137 = TCS 1 283 | a-ma-ru-kam / inim ugula-kam |
Ones own personal authority, "my command has been given to him"
| Text ID | Exhortation |
| TCS 1, 161 | inim-mu ba-na-sum-am3 |
| YOS 4, 115 = TCS 1 080 = Letters 170 | lu2 na-me inim nu-un-ga2-ga2 |
Clause against complaints:
"It shall not come up agin" /na-immi-gur-e/:
"The word shall not come up again" /dug-a na-immi-b-gur-e/ or /inim-bi na-immi-b-gur-e/:
| Text ID | Exhortation |
| http://cdli.ucla.edu/ MCS 3 2 4 HSM 6337 = TCS 1 255 | du11-ga na-mi-ib-gur-re |
| http://cdli.ucla.edu/ TCS 1 175 | du11-ga nam-mi-ib2-gur-re |
| http://cdli.ucla.edu/ TCS 1 154 | inim#-bi na-mi-ib2-gur-re |
| http://cdli.ucla.edu/ AuOr 17-18 222 15 = BM 24108 | inim-bi na-ba?-ab-gur-re |
"It shall not come up agin, he shall not receive this tablet"
| Text ID | Exhortation |
| http://cdli.ucla.edu/ Letters 181 = BM 21684 | na-mi-gur-re / dub-ba-ni šu na-ba-ši-ib2-ti |
"Although the seal has not been rolled, It shall not come up agin"
| Text ID | Exhortation |
| http://cdli.ucla.edu/ YOS 04 134 = TCS 1 305 = Letters 192 | mu kišib3 nu-ub-ra-sze3 na-mi-ib2-gur-e |
Misc.:
"It is on his neck" /gu-ani-ak-am/:
| Text ID | Exhortation |
| YOS 4, 120 = TCS 1 96 | gu2-na-kam / a-ma-ru-kam |
| TCS 1, 177 = MAH 16278 = Letters 90 | na-mi-gur-re / gu2-na-kam |
"… it shall not return":
| Text ID | Exhortation |
| TCS 1, 290 = UIOM 464 = Letters 148 | a-ma-ru-kam / na-mu-nigin (=NIGIN2.NIGIN2) |
"…. Let him be at my service"
| TCS 1, 32 = Letters 133 | a-ma-ru-kam / ul4-la-bi / he2-ma-gub |
“Swearing by the name / life of the king"
zi lugal in-na-an-pad3
Akkadian exhortations in Ur III letters:
Corresopnding to …
| Text ID | Exhortation |
| TCS 1, 371 = Letters 206 | a#-pu-tum [la] tu#-ma-su2 |
Corresponding to /inim/du(g)-a na-immi-b-gur-e/:
| Text ID | Exhortation |
| ASJ 12 54 = Letters 155 | a-wa-tum la i3-tu-ra-am |
Corresponding to /aba šeš-mu-gim/:
| Text ID | Exhortation |
| TIM 2, 91 | ma-nu-um-ki a-hi-a |
Corresopnding to …
| Text ID | Exhortation |
| TCS 1, 370 = NBC 5378 = Letters 153 | mi-nu-um aš-ta2-na-pa2-ra-ma la tu3-ša-ba-lam |
Corresopnding to …
| Text ID | Exhortation |
| OrNS 40, 398 = Letters 118 | šu-ip-ra-am lu-de6-e |
Return to Ur III Letters
