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--- old_babylonian_scribal_schools [2014/12/19 11:01] – gombert
+++ old_babylonian_scribal_schools [2017/02/13 07:39] (current) – [Table] gombert
@@ Line 6: / Line 6: @@
  scribal schools. These sources are available on CDLI [[http://cdli.ucla.edu/search/search_results.php?SearchMode=Text&requestFrom=Search&PrimaryPublication=&order=PrimaryPublication&Author=&PublicationDate=&SecondaryPublication=&Collection=&AccessionNumber=&MuseumNumber=&Provenience=Nippur&ExcavationNumber=&Period=&DatesReferenced=&ObjectType=&ObjectRemarks=&Material=&TextSearch=&Language=&Genre=&SubGenre=Metrological&CompositeNumber=&SealID=&ObjectID=&ATFSource=&CatalogueSource=&TranslationSource=|(here)]].\\
-**Scope**: Similar metrology is attested in other Old Babylonian scribal schools. The metrology taught in scribal schools was adopted in a large part of Mesopotamia. However, some minor variants may be observed in some administrative or economic archives from Southern Mesopotamia (see metrology in Old Babylonian Larsa, etc.), and important differences were cultivated in Northern regions (see metrology for example in Mari, Diyala Valley, Assur). \\
+**Scope**: Similar metrology is attested in other Old Babylonian scribal schools. The metrology taught in scribal schools was adopted in a large part of Mesopotamia. However, some minor variants may be observed in some administrative or economic archives from Southern Mesopotamia. \\
 **Bibliography**:\\
@@ Line 40: / Line 40: @@
 | sar  | {{:obab_sar.jpg?nolink|}} | ca. 36 m<sup>2</sup>  |
 |   **↓ × 100 **   |||
-| GAN<sub>2</sub> | {{:obab_gan2.jpg?nolink|}} | ca. 3600 m<sup>2</sup> |
+| GAN<sub>2</sub>((see system G below)) | {{:obab_gan2.jpg?nolink|}} | ca. 3600 m<sup>2</sup> |
+System G, used before the sign GAN2
+| {{:obab_shar_u.png?nolink}}  |  **× 10\\ ←**  | {{:obab_shar2.png?nolink}}  |  **× 6\\ ←**  | {{:obab_bur_u.png?nolink}}  |  **× 10\\ ←**  | {{:obab_u.png?nolink}}  |  **× 3\\ ←**  | {{:obab_eshe3.png?nolink}}  |  **× 6\\ ←**  | {{:obab_ash.png?nolink}}  |  **× 2\\ ←**  | {{:obab_ubu.png?nolink}}  |
+| šar’u                        | :::            | šar<sub>2</sub>             | :::           | bur’u                       | :::            | bur<sub>3</sub>         | :::           | eše<sub>3</sub>             | :::           | iku                       | :::           | ubu                       |
+| 10 800 iku                   | :::            | 1 080 iku                   | :::           | 180 iku                     | :::            | 18 iku                  | :::           | 6 iku                       | :::           | 1 iku                     | :::           | ½ iku                     |
+\\
+Examples:\\
+{{:obab_ash.png?nolink|}}{{:obab_gan2.jpg?nolink|}}1(iku) GAN<sub>2</sub> represents ca. 3600 m<sup>2</sup>\\
+{{:2sysg.png?nolink&25|}}{{:obab_gan2.jpg?nolink|}}2(eše<sub>3</sub>) GAN<sub>2</sub> represents ca. 2×6×3600 m<sup>2</sup>, that is, 43 200 m<sup>2</sup>
 == Units of length ==
@@ Line 61: / Line 73: @@
 Bridge between volume and capacity units: 1 sar-volume is equivalent to 60 gur (ca. 18 m<sup>3</sup> or 18 000 liters).\\
-===  Numerical systems ===
+===  Numbers and fractions ===
 == System S, used for counting discrete items ==
@@ Line 70: / Line 82: @@
 | 36 000 | ::: | 3 600 | ::: | 600 | ::: | 60 | ::: | 10  | ::: |  1 |
-== Variants of System S ==
-The highest units of capacity (gur) and weight (gun2) are counted with a variant of System S, where the number 1 is represented by the sign aš <sub>{{:obab_ash.png?10*5|}}</sub> (and not the sign diš <sub>{{:obab_barig.jpg?4*5|}}</sub> as in the System S used for discrete item).\\
+\\
+Some metrological lists or tables provide very large (and unrealistic) numbers:
+  * 1 šar<sub>2</sub> gal (60 times 1 šar<sub>2</sub>) appears in CBS 10990, CBS 8214, CBS 10181, HS 249, Ist Ni 4840, YBC 2392, CBS 472, Ash 1931.137
+  * 1 šar<sub>2</sub> gal šu-nu tag (60 times 1 šar<sub>2</sub> gal) appears in CBS 10990, CBS 8214, CBS 10181, Ist Ni 4840 (for another reading and interpretation, see Chambon & Robson 2011, "Untouchable or unrepeatable? The upper end of the Old Babylonian metrological systems for capacity and area 127", //Iraq// 73)
+\\ A school tablet from Nippur [[http://www.cdli.ucla.edu/P225766|CBS 11319 +]]) contains on the obverse the unique known text which displays the entire System S in a systematic way (see copy and transliteration in Proust 2008, in Proceedings of the 51st Rencontre Assyriologique Internationale, Biggs et al. ed., SAOC 62, p. 151-152).
+\\ \\
+== Variants of System S ==
-The other measuring units (sila3, gin2, še, sar, danna, UŠ, ninda, kuš and šu-si) are counted with  <sub>{{:obab_barig.jpg?4*5|}}</sub> (1) and  <sub>{{:obab_u.png?4*5|}}</sub> (10) repeated as many times as necessary.\\
+The highest units of capacity (gur) and weight (gun<sub>2</sub>) are counted with a variant of System S, where the number 1 is represented by the sign aš <sub>{{:obab_ash.png?10*5|}}</sub> (and not the sign diš <sub>{{:obab_barig.jpg?4*5|}}</sub> as in the System S used for discrete item).\\
-== System G, used for counting the highest unit of surface ==
+The other measuring units (sila<sub>3</sub>, gin<sub>2</sub>, še, sar, danna, UŠ, ninda, kuš and šu-si) are counted with  <sub>{{:obab_barig.jpg?4*5|}}</sub> (1) and  <sub>{{:obab_u.png?4*5|}}</sub> (10) repeated as many times as necessary.\\
-| {{:obab_shar_u.png?nolink|}} |   **× 2\\ ←**   | {{:obab_shar2.png?nolink|}} |   **× 6\\ ←**   | {{:obab_bur_u.png?nolink|}} |   **× 10\\ ←**   | {{:obab_u.png?nolink|}} |   **× 3\\ ←**   | {{:obab_eshe3.png?nolink|}} |   **× 6\\ ←**   | {{:obab_ash.png?nolink|}} |   **× 2\\ ←**   | {{:obab_ubu.png?nolink|}} |
-| šar’u | ::: | šar<sub>2</sub> | ::: | bur’u | ::: | bur<sub>3</sub>   | ::: | eše<sub>3</sub> | ::: | iku  | ::: | ubu |
-| 10 800 | ::: | 1 080  | ::: | 180 | ::: | 18 | ::: | 6 | ::: | 1 | ::: | ½ |
@@ Line 93: / Line 112: @@
 Page prepared by CP\\
+(digital version prepared by BG)