Sources: For the late Babylonian period, a large account of tablets have been excavated in main cities of the southern Mesopotamia (Babylon, Borsippa, Kiš, Nippur, Sippar, Ur, Uruk, etc). For the period which provided the bulk of the material (from the rising of the Chaldean dynasty during the late 7^th B.C. to the early 5^th B.C. when Babylonia revolted against Xerxes) around 19 000 texts are directly available for scholars, and many more tablets remain unpublished. Most of them records economical operations of private businessmen or Babylonians' temples and widely refer to various measures of weight, capacity, and length.

Bibliography:
For a detailed treatment of metrology during late Babylonian period see :

• Powell, M. A. 1984: “Late-Babylonian Surface Mensuration”, AfO 31, p. 32-66.
  
• Powell, M. A. 1990: “Masse und Gewichte”, RlA 7, Berlin, New York, p. 457-517
  

For summarized versions, see:

• Wunsch, C.: Das Egibi-Archiv. I. Die Felder und Gärten. Cuneiform Monographs, vol. 20 a and b, Groningen, STYX, p. xix-xx.
• Baker, H.: The Archive of the Nappāḫu Family. AfO, Beiheft 30, Vienne, p. ix-x..
• Jursa, M.: Neo-Babylonian Legal and Administrative Documents: Typology, Content and Archives. GMTR 1, Münster, 2005, p. 19, 28, 41.

GAR	-		1/10 l.
↓ × 10
sila3	qa		1 l.
↓ × 6
ban21)	sūtu		6 l.
↓ × 6
PI (6 ban2)	pānu		36 l.
↓ × 5
gur	kurru		180 l.

Capacity measures are expressed using positional notation²⁾.

Two systems were used for measuring superficies in Late Babylonia : The reed system used for smaller areas,especially urban plots, and the seed system used for larger areas.

• The reed system

šu-si	ubânû		168 sq. fingers	c. 0.0729 m2
↓ × 24
kuš3	ammatu		7 sq. cubits	c. 1.75 m2
↓ × 7
gi	qânu		49 sq. cubits	c. 12.25 m2
↓ × 2
GAR	-		98 sq. cubits	c. 24.5 m2

• The seed system

GAR	-		30 sq. cubits	c. 7.5 m2
↓ × 10
sila3	qa		300 sq. cubits	c. 75 m2
↓ × 6
ban2	sūtu		1800 sq. cubits	c. 450 m2
x 6 ⇒
PI (6 ban2)	pānu		10800 sq. cubits	c. 2700 m2
↓ × 5
gur	kurru		64000 sq. cubits	c. 13500 m2